|
ISSN: 2835-6764
: 10.71010/AJSER-2025-e251
Cross-National Perspectives on Physical Education: Curriculum Analysis in Ukraine, Austria, and Great Britain
Author(s): Dr. Martin Kölbel*
Dr. Martin Kölbel*
University College of Teacher Training Vienna
How to Cite:
Kölbel M (2025) Cross-National Perspectives on Physical Education: Curriculum Analysis in Ukraine, Austria, and Great Britain. American J Sci Edu Re: AJSER-251.
Received: 18 June, 2025
Accepted: 24 June, 2025
Published: 30 June, 2025
Abstract
This research investigates the pedagogical challenges and opportunities encountered by Ukrainian physical education professionals who have relocated to Austria and Great Britain following recent displacement. Through in-depth interviews with refugee educators and systematic examination of national curriculum frameworks, the study reveals fundamental contrasts between achievement-focused and inclusive educational philosophies. While Ukrainian pedagogical traditions emphasize disciplinary structures and quantifiable outcomes, Western European models prioritize student-centered approaches that value diversity and comprehensive personal growth.
The research employs frameworks of cross-cultural pedagogy and educational boundary navigation to analyze how these philosophical differences manifest in classroom practice. Interview data demonstrates that displaced educators experience significant shifts in professional identity while adapting to new institutional expectations and student populations. The analysis builds upon established scholarship in multicultural education [1,2] while contributing original perspectives from practitioners experiencing real-time cultural transition.
Results indicate that successful integration requires deliberate bridging of pedagogical approaches, combining Ukrainian emphasis on excellence with Western values of accessibility and individual recognition. The study’s implications extend beyond physical education to broader questions of refugee teacher integration and culturally responsive institutional practices. Future investigations should examine student experiences within these transitional contexts and employ longitudinal methodologies to understand adaptation processes over extended periods.
Keywords:
Ukrainian refugees, physical education, curricula comparison, integration
References
Azzarito, L., Macdonald, D., Dagkas, S., & Fisette, J. (2017). Sociocultural issues in physical education: Critical perspectives. Routledge.
Hardman, K. (2008). Physical education in schools: A global perspective. Kinesiology, 40(1), 5–28.
Austrian Ministry of Interior. Bundesministerium Inneres (2021). Asylstatistik Oktober 2021. [Online] Available https://www.bmi.gv.at/301/Statistiken/files/2021/Asylstatistik_Oktober_2021.pdf
(2022, March 10). Most Ukrainian men can’t leave the country. Here’s why. https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/10/europe/ukraine-men-military-conscription-explained-intl/index.html
Puschautz, A., Dauer, M., & Hager, I. (2022). Flucht und Integration in Österreich: Neue Herausforderungen nach dem Krieg in der Ukraine. ÖIF.
Blossfeld, H.-P., Kilpi-Jakonen, E., Vono de Vilhena, D., & Buchholz, S. (Eds.). (2016). Young people and social inclusion: An international comparative perspective. Palgrave Macmillan.
Burmann, A., & Mutz, M. (2016). Geflüchtete Kinder und Jugendliche im deutschen Bildungssystem.
Günther, L., Lämmermann, K., & Eule, T. G. (2023). Flucht und Bildung: Herausforderungen und Chancen im Schulalltag. Beltz Juventa.
Niedrig, H., & Rödel, L. (2022). Inklusive Schulentwicklung im Kontext von Fluchtmigration. Springer VS.
Österreichischer Integrationsfonds (ÖIF). (2018). Integration von geflüchteten Kindern und Jugendlichen im Schulbereich. https://www.integrationsfonds.at
Hess, M., & Pfeiffer, M. (2023). Traumapädagogik in der Schule: Umgang mit belasteten Kindern und Jugendlichen. Beltz.
Bruneforth, M., Weber, C., & Bacher, J. (2022). Migration und Schule in Österreich: Herausforderungen und Perspektiven. Springer VS.
Australian Sports Commission (2006). Sports Ability Activity Cards. Belconnen: o.V.
Tiemann, H. (2013). Inklusiver Sportunterricht: Ansätze und Modelle. Sportpädagogik 37 (6), pp. 47–50.
Tiemann, H. (2015). Inklusiven Sportunterricht gestalten – didaktisch-methodische Überlegungen. In M. Giese & L. Weigelt (eds.), Inklusiver Sportunterricht in Theorie und Praxis, pp. 53–66. Aachen: Meyer und Meyer
Education encyclopedia (2022). Ukraine Preprimary & Primary Education. [Online] Available: https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1597/Ukraine-PREPRIMARY-PRIMARY-EDUCATION.html
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (2022). Primary school curriculum. [Online] Available: https://emergency.mon.gov.ua/primary-school/
Austrian Ministry of Education (2022b). Third document for information on Ukraine. Drittes Informationsschreiben zur Ukraine-Krise. [Online] Available: https://www.bmbwf.gv.at
(2023). Ukraine refugee situation. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine
Spaaij, R., Broerse, J., Oxford, S., Luguetti, C., McLachlan, F., Pankowiak, A., & Figueiredo, F. (2019). Sport, refugees, and forced migration: A critical review of the literature. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 1, 47. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsals.2019.00047
Dukić, D., McDonald, B., & Spaaij, R. (2017). Being Able to Play: Experiences of Social Inclusion and Exclusion Within a Football Team of People Seeking Asylum. Social Inclusion, Vol 5, No 2 (2017. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v5i2.892
Mayring, P. (2017). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlage und Techniken. Hamburg: Beltz
Kuckartz, U. & Rädiker, S. (2022). Qualitative Inhaltsanalys Methoden, Praxis, Computer-unterstützung (5th ed.). Beltz: Juventa.
Saldana, J. (2016). The Coding manual for qualitative researchers. California: Sage Publications Inc
Lofland, J., Snow, D., Anderson, L. & Lofland, L. H. (2006). Analyzing social settings: A guide to qualitative observation and analysis (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Mayring, P. (2022) Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken (13. edition). Beltz: Juventa.
Bihu, R. (2021). Questionnaire Survey Methodology in Educational and Social Science Studies. International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods, Vol.9, No.3, 40-60, 2021. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4435809
Cassell, C. & Symon G. (2004). Essential Guide to qualitative Methods in organizational research. London: Sage.
Dobson, S. (2004) Cultures of Exile and the Experience of Refugeeness. Bern: Peter Lang.
Agrusti, G., & Damiani, V. (2019). Refugee education: Integration models and practices. FrancoAngeli.
Kölbel, M. (2022). Impairment and traumatisation as crucial factors for didactics and pedagogy of adolescent refugees. Modern Applied Science. Canadian Center of Science and Education. Vol. 16, No.2,. 30-40. DOI:5539/mas.v16n2p30.
Silove, D., Ventevogel, P., & Rees, S. (2017). The contemporary refugee crisis: An overview of mental health challenges. World Psychiatry, 16(2), 130-139.
Kaiser, R. (2021). Qualitative Forschung: Methoden, Anwendungen und Grundlagen. Beltz Juventa.
Helfferich, C. (2011). Die Qualität qualitativer Daten: Manual für die Durchführung qualitativer Interviews (4th ed.). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Flick, U. (2007). Qualitative Sozialforschung: Eine Einführung (4th ed.).
Lüders, C. (2005). Grundlagen der qualitativen Sozialforschung. In R. Bohnsack, W. Marotzki & M. Meuser (Eds.), Handbuch Qualitative Forschung in der Erziehungswissenschaft (pp. 41–64). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Department for Education (2013). Statutory guidance. National curriculum in England: physical education programmes of study. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-curriculum-in-england-physical-education-programmes-of-study/national-curriculum-in-england-physical-education-programmes-of-study
Krasilshchikov, O., et al. (2014). Physical Education Practices in Ukraine: Transition from the Past to the Future. 13140/RG.2.1.3394.0008
Swaithes, W. (2021). Exploring physical education in England. PE Scholar. https://www.pescholar.com/insight/exploring-physical-education-in-england-part-of-the-2021-series/
Federal Ministry of Education Austria, BMB (2024). Lehrplan der Volksschule. https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10009275&Artikel=&Paragraf=&Anlage=1&Uebergangsrecht=
Bailey, R., Hillman, C., Arent, S., & Petitpas, A. (2009). Physical activity: An underestimated investment in human capital? Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 6(3), 269–285.
Geeraert, A., Scheerder, J., & Bruyninckx, H. (2012). The governance network of European football: Introducing new governance approaches to steer football at the EU level. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 4(3), 343–357.
Spaaij, R. (2012). Beyond the playing field: Experiences of sport, social capital, and integration among Somalis in Australia. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 35(9), 1519–1538.
(2015). A guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Kirk, D. (2013). Educational value and models-based practice in physical education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 45(9), 973–986. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2013.785352
Mosston, M., & Ashworth, S. (2008). Teaching physical education (6th ed.).
Dowling, F. (2011). Are PE teacher identities fit for postmodern schools or are they clinging to modernist notions of professionalism?’ A case study of Norwegian PE teacher students’ emerging professional identities. Sport, Education and Society, 16(2), 131–146. https://doi.org/ 1080/13573322.2011.540425
MacPhail, A., Tannehill, D., & Avsar, Z. (2019). European Physical Education Teacher Education Practices. Initial, Induction, and Professional Development. Meyer & Meyer.
Terwiel, A., Tinning, R., & Dagkas, S. (2021). Embodied border crossings: Refugee youth and physical education in host countries. Sport, Education and Society, 26(5), 550–562. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2020.1739261
Agergaard, S., Sørensen, J. K., & Larsen, L. (2018). Talent development and migration: A comparative analysis of young sports talents’ mobility. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315201181
Fazel, M., Reed, R. V., Panter, Brick, C., & Stein, A. (2012). Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high income countries: Risk and protective factors. The Lancet, 379(9812), 266–282. https://doi.org/ 1016/S0140-6736(11)60051-2
Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books.
Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture (pp. 271–313). University of Illinois Press.
Macdonald, D., Hunter, L., & Penney, D. (2021). Professionalism and teacher identity in physical education: Beyond the conservative construction of teacher work. Routledge.
Dagkas, S., & Armour, K. (2012). Inclusion and exclusion through youth sport. Routledge Handbook of Youth Sport, 308–320.
Doherty, A., & Taylor, T. (2007). Sport and physical recreation in the settlement of immigrant youth. Leisure/Loisir, 31(1), 27–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2007.9651372
López-Pastor, V. M., Kirk, D., Lorente-Catalán, E., MacPhail, A., & Macdonald, D. (2013). Alternative assessment in physical education: A review of international literature. Sport, Education and Society, 18(1), 57–76. https://doi.org/ 1080/13573322.2012.713860
Flintoff, A. (2018). Diversity, inclusion and equity in physical education. In C. Ennis (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Physical Education Pedagogies (pp. 307–319). Routledge.
Azzarito, L., Macdonald, D., Dagkas, S., & Fisette, J. (2017). Revitalizing the physical education social-justice agenda in the global era: Where do we go from here? Quest, 69(2), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2016.1224193
Benn, T., & Pfister, G. (2013). Women and sport in Europe: Historical and contemporary perspectives. Meyer & Meyer Sport.
Block, M. E., & Obrusnikova, I. (2017). Inclusion in physical education: A review of the literature from 2000–2015. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 34(3), 311–332. https:// 1123/apaq.24.2.103
Robinson, L. E., Stodden, D. F., Barnett, L. M., Lopes, V. P., Logan, S. W., Rodrigues, L. P., & D’Hondt, E. (2019). Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental trajectories of health. Sports Medicine, 49(9), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01090-0.
Austrian Ministry of Education (2023a). Primary school curriculum. Annex A, Article 1. [Online] Available: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2023_II_1/Anlagen_0001_CE7F0AA2_A925_4A4D_8C3C_355D12BD22D1.html
Austrian Ministry of Education (2023b). Primary school curriculum-full version. [Online] Available: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10009275
Austrian Ministry of Education (2022a). IKM Plus. [Online] Available: https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20006166
Fitzgerald, H.; Stride, A. & Enright, E.. (2021). Messy methods: Making sense of participatory research with young people in PE and sport. European Physical Education Review, 27(3):421-435. https://doi.org/1177/1356336X20953462
Austrian Ministry of Education (2005). General educational objectives. [Online] Available: https://www.bmbwf.gv.at/Themen/sAllgemeines_Bildungsziel
Austrian Ministry of Education (2005). General didactic principles. [Online] Available:
https://www.bmbwf.gv.at/Themen/schule/schulpraxis/lp/lp_vs.html#heading_Allgemeines_Bildungsziel
Flintoff, A., & Dowling, F. (2019). Culturally responsive pedagogy in physical education. In: A. Wrench & R. Garret. Critical Pedagogies in Physical Education, Physical Activity and Health (pp.196-209). 4324/9781003003991-13
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (2010). Country report. [Online] Available: https://rm.coe.int/language-education-policy-profile-ukraine-country-report/16807b3b4b
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). (2025). Ukraine: Civilian casualty update 2025. https://www.ohchr.org/en/newsroom
